Overall, the increment in ROS levels showed increment trends with increasing HbA1c percentage similar to CYP2E1 gene expression and protein amounts. SD was calculated using the Sigma Plot 11.2 software. Error bars represent standard deviations (SD) within each group. d A bar chart representing average ROS levels in the groups of subjects who had HbA1c, ,, ,, , and. The heat map shows that CYP2E1 gene is up regulated even when HbA1c was 5.4 %, which is well within the normal reference limit for HbA1c in clinical practice. The heat map shows CYP2E1 gene expression for individual subjects with various HbA1c percentages.

c CYP2E1 gene expression presented as a heat map generated using the GeneSpring 12.6 software. The gradual change in hues of green from dark green for group (6.1–7.0) to the lightest green in group (12.1–13.0) shows the increments in up regulation intensities of CYP2E1 gene as the HbA1c percentage increases.

The averaged CYP2E1 gene expression for the groups of subjects who had HbA1c and showed down regulation and groups for subjects with HbA1c percentage, ,, ,, showed up-regulation. The heat map shows averaged CYP2E1 gene expression of study subjects who were grouped according to their HbA1c percentage. b CYP2E1 gene expression presented as a heat map generated using the GeneSpring 12.6 software. Data from this scatter plot shows measurable amounts of CYP2E1 were seen even when HbA1c was 4.2 %. a A scatter plot generated using the SigmaPlot 11.2 software, presenting measurable amounts of CYP2E1 protein in individual subjects (n = 166). Correlation of CYP2E1 protein levels, CYP2E1 gene expression and ROS, with glycemic control.

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